The Crucible Critical Lens

Dolly Parton once said †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The way I see it, if you want the rainbow, you gotta put up with the rain. † In other words you have to go through struggle to see success. I agree with this quote because in my opinion nothing in life is handed to you easily, you have to work through it and overcome many obstacles in order to get pleasing results . This idea is clearly established in the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller. It is shown through the main characters; John Proctor, Abigail Williams and Reverend Hale.The Crucible by Arthur Miller was based on the Salem witch trials that occurred between 1692 and 1693. More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft and 20 were executed. Eventually the colony admitted the trials were a mistake and compensated the families of those who were convicted. Ever since, the story of the trials has become a symbol of injustice and continues to influence more than 300 years later. In the play John Proctor is a married man who pre viously had an affair with Abigail Williams while she was working at his house as a maid.Eventually John’s wife, Elizabeth Proctor, becomes conscious of what was happening and she immediately dismissed Abigail. When the girls started accusing people of witchcraft, Abigail Williams accused Elizabeth Proctor because she wanted John to herself. Little did she know that John would begin defending his wife. He also pointed out his disbelief in the girls, fingers where then pointed at him as well. John Proctor then started challenging the court because of its lack of evidence this led to a petition signed by 32 neighbors in his favor.He was tried and found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging. Proctor was executed on mid-august of 1692. As he stood on the scaffold he recited the Lord ’s Prayer. This shows how John’s actions support the quote because although It didn’t end happily he tried proving he was right and succeed because him praying made a drastic i mpression on the villagers as those convicted of witchcraft were not supposed to be able to perform such act. In The Crucible Abigail Williams is Samuel Parris, the minister’s niece.Her and her cousin Betty where the first two accusers. Williams was 11 years old at the time. Everything started when all the girls were at the woods and Abigail was trying to put a spell on Elizabeth Proctor, since her health was already delicate. Her purpose was to keep John Proctor to herself. She had become obsessed with him after their affair and couldn’t seem to get over him. While doing witchcraft in the woods they get caught. After that they started faking being bewitched. They all start accusing people saying they’ve seen them with the devil.Because of Abigail and Betty’s claims to be possessed, false accusations would soon be made resulting in the death of 20 people and 3 women were arrested, including Tituba, Parris’s slave and two other women who one was han ged and the other died in prison. This demonstrates how Abigail’s cruelty knew no boundaries. She didn’t mind innocent people being killed just to hide the fact that she was the one attempting witchcraft in the woods. Abigail went through all that to keep her reputation and be seen as the victim, and she excelled.Reverend Hale is a young minister who has studied witchcraft in the hope of being able to destroy it in the name of God. Salem’s minister, Samuel Parris, had requested his presence so that he could examine Betty Parris. Reverend Hale is the one in charge of discovering who has marks of the devil for the witch trial. After seeing the horrors of the witch trial and watching the loss of both human and the justice rights he speaks out against them telling Judge Danforth that they are morally wrong. Reverend Hale then leaves the court after hearing Mary Warren accuse John Proctor of witchcraft.

Explore the ways in which Willy Russell makes use of language differences in act 2 scene 2

Willy Russell wrote the play in 1982 and was one of the best he wrote because of the fact that he emphasizes the differences between the rich and poor. Willy Russell was born in Whiston, near Liverpool, in 1947. He left school at the age of 15 where he worked as a hairdresser until he was 20 years old, where he then returned to school to complete his education. Their he began to write his first play called Blind Scouse, which was taken to the Edinburgh festival and noticed by a representative of the Everyman Theatre. They then went on to produce the world premieres of many of his plays, most of which transferred successfully to the west end. Throughout this play dramatic irony is used, this is where the audience knows something one or more of the caracters on stage don't know. Willy Russell uses this to emphasize the differences between the classes more. Stage directions are very important for somebody who has not seen the play and is just reading the play, this is because they help you create mental picture of whats going on in the play. The play repeatedly shows cultural differences though the way the boys speak throughout the play. An example of this is when Edward says â€Å"your a fuck off† showing his misunderstanding in the use of swear words, this contrasts to hen Micky says â€Å"take a flying fuck at a dounut† which shows his understanding and exposure to swear words as he has grown up. Another contrast in the boys language is when Micky says â€Å"It's a thingy, init† referring to a dictionary which shows lack of education because he doesn't know what a dictionary is. Where as when Edward says â€Å"Fantastic, I will look that up in the dictionary when i get home†, Edwards understanding of what a dictionary is and how it is used shows his intelligence and class. The audience would think that Edward is very intellectual in contrast to Mickey. One thing that the audience would be taken a back by would e the part in the play when Linda first sees Edward and says he's â€Å"handsome† even though Mickey and Edward are identical twins! This is because Edward has a overall better appearance than Mickey because he comes from a big house, has smart clothes and is clean which contrasts with Mikeys trodden down clothes and dirty appearance. I think Willy Russell is trying to say that people who come from a richer culture have a better chance at most things in life as is shown in this example. Another theme which repeatedly crops up during the play is the superstition and is shown in the beginning of the play where Mrs. Johnstone says â€Å"You never put new shoes on the table† which prompts Mrs. Lyons to ask â€Å"So, your superstitious? † to which Mrs. Johnstone replies â€Å"No I'm not, you just don't put new shoes on the table. † This shows an lack of understanding in the lower class because Mrs. Johnstone didn't even understand what superstition was. The audience would see how Willy Russell shows the difference between upper and lower class citizens. Adults are used thoughout the play to represent the boys, make the play more humorous and also because of the fact that some people might be offended if they see young boys swearing on stage.

Dialectical Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dialectical Argument - Essay Example I said that little by little, people should start patronizing free and open source softwares so that softwares could be more accessible to all, poor and rich people alike. . FOSS are increasingly gaining popularity worldwide. In contrast to proprietary softwares, all FOSS grant users the right to use, study, change, and improve software design through the availability of the source codes. Programmers can use a particular software with a particular function to fit into a more comprehensive program he or she is designing. The word "free," in this context refers to the freedom to use or modify the source and not to the price of the software. Some FOSS are sold to consumers. However, some software developers release their softwares to the public entirely free of charge. The three softwares I mentioned are examples of the latter. My friend however was not that supportive of FOSS compared to me. In fairness to her, she clarified that she was not against FOSS per se. What she was against is giving the software away to the public free of charge. She fears that such measures takes away incentives for software developers to continue designing softwares. For her, this is detrimental to the software sciences as a whole. Being a sociology major, she also raised that as direct products of labor, mainly that of programmers, softwares have exchange value based on Marxs theory of value (Parry and Bloch). The exchange value, she said, was obvious, as softwares, be it proprietary or FOSS can be sold in the market. She contends that it was simply unfair and irrational for software developers to put an effort into developing a product with commercial value and simply giving it away for free. Indeed, Anna raised valid concerns. The quest for profit has indeed fueled many people and corporations to make advances in technology. Years back, kids have been inspired by the media and their parents to imitate "big-time" people like Bill

Philosophy on Dualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophy on Dualism - Essay Example Dualism graces its roots to as far back as Zarathushtra, although Plato and Aristotle also dealt with the possibility of existence of an incorporale souls that actually bore the faculties of intelligence and wisdom. Their conclusion is that "people's intelligence (a faculty of the mind or soul) could not be identified with, or explained in terms of, their physical body" (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). The difference in the properties of mental and physical realms supports the validity of dualism. Minds are observed to have subjective qualities such as sensations which cannot be reduced to something physical. These experiences then are deemed to be from of different origin than the physical body. "There is no place in the brain where electric stimulation can cause a person to believe or decide. Although our thoughts can be true or false our brain states cannot be true or false. Nobody can tell what we are thinking by measuring brain waves. We must be asked what we are thinking" (AllAboutPhilosophy.org). On the other hand, there seems to be a lack of rational understanding as to how an interaction could possibly take place between the brain and the mind. Simply, this arguments says that there is nothing such as supernatural or other dimension that can explain this interaction thus the mental and physical realm must be one. Another argument against dualism is that when the brain is damaged, brought by physical trauma, drug abuse and other diseases the mental powers are always affected. "The argument holds that if the brain and the mind were actually separate, our mental powers would not be comprised" (AllAboutPhilosophy.org). This views leads us to think that there is/are factor/s that dictate the well-being of the mind, not just the physical body. Mental heath then is a factor of many other things aside from physical health. In the end it is found that the arguments for dualism is strong. Indeed, things such as emotions or feelings which does not necessarily emanate from the physical body are from different realms and they affect the mind. Monism Monism is associated with any philosophical view which says that "there is unity in a given field of inquiry, where there is not to be expected" (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). Thus there are philosophers who stands on the belief that the universe is really just one thing, despite of its many facets, appearances, diversities. In theology, this is the belief in one God who holds everything. Just differ in what they target and how they count. There are actually many monisms, although they all have the attribute of oneness. We however focus on two historically important monism; the existence monism which targets concrete objects and counts by token and the priority monism which targets concrete objects and counts by basic token. However, "neither existence nor priority monism is accorded much respect in contemporary metaphysics, nor are they always properly distinguished. Indeed, the entire monistic tradition is often dismissed as being somewhere between obscure and ridiculous" (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosphy). Monism can be viewed as simply the opposite of dualism and pluralism. It particularly denies multiplicity of things and the distinction between body and soul, matter and spirit and other dualistic distinctions. Strengths

Interest Rate Changes in Construction Activity Essay

Interest Rate Changes in Construction Activity - Essay Example Generally the construction activity is sensitive to changes in the interest rates and business cycles in the short term and to population growth and economic advancement in the long-term. This paper intends to present a short report on the short term effects interest rate changes on the construction industry. The behaviour of any economy can be greatly influenced by the monetary policy. It is observed that decisions about official interest rates by the central banks affect economic activity and inflation through several channels which are collectively known as the Transmission Mechanism of the Monetary Policy. According to the Bank of England Paper on the Transmission mechanisms of monetary policy; Changes in exchange rates have a direct impact on the prices of imported goods and services and an indirect impact on the prices and the competitive ability of the products which compete with the imported products/services. The change in exchange rate is likely to affect the prices of those products in the domestic market which uses imported inputs. Thus through the transmission mechanism of the monetary policy, any changes in the official interest rates affect the savings and investment behaviour of the individuals and firms and also thereby affect domestic demand and supply of production and other manufacturing sectors of the economy. Normally following a monetary contraction in the economy, as a result of the changes in the interest rates, the construction sector reaches the trough of the cycle first, while the manufacturing sector reacts little slowly. However the manufacturing sector reacts very strongly than the construction sector. 3.0 Money Supply and Construction Activity: In general construction activity is very sensitive to credit conditions. According to Goh (1998) the amount of mortgage loans has an influence on the demand for residential construction, since house purchases are financed mainly by mortgage loans from banks. The monetary theorists are of the view that changes in money supply cause fluctuations in national outputs and because of the interdependency the disturbances in one sector will be transmitted to other sectors and markets. A review of the different channels of mechanisms reveals that credit is the primary source of money supply to the construction activity. "A restrictive credit supply leads to decreases in demand for real estate, bonds, stocks, and other assets. Since real-estate prices are sticky, ultimately the supply of credit will affect the construction industry." (Raymond Y.C. TSE and John Rafetry 1999) Similarly a contraction in money supply reduces bank lending to all sectors in the economy including property developers and thereby causes a decline in the industry. Any change in money supply will have its impact on the demand for

Global Business (Germany Industry) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Business (Germany Industry) - Essay Example Companies involved in these transactions face various environmental factors including constraints and conflicts with laws and cultures of the world. Businesses that venture into global transactions have to modify their applications, complexity and intensity in the way they operate to be able to cop up with challenges brought up in the global business (Rugman, 2009). 2 Overview of Garment industries in U.S.A Garment industry specializes in production of wear products. It is also referred to as ready-to-wear industry. Early garment industries relied greatly on hand production due to low level of technology during those periods. Acceptance and use of these garments did away with the custom clothes resulting to growth of the industry. It draws its workforce from the neighborhoods which are protected by trade unions. It employs several people due to the nature of activities involved in production of clothes. It is also rated among the countries income earner industries. This indicates that countries invested in garment production have a higher gross domestic product because of income received from export. Globalization has opened up markets for products and therefore countries whose labor costs are cheap have an advantage over those whose labor cost is expensive. Countries outside U.S.A like china can afford cheap labor hence regulate their production costs. Competitions from other countries selling garments in U.S.A which are cheaper than what is sold by indigenous firms create stiff competition. Open market activities across borders have been the major challenge leading to decline in garment production in U.S.A.... Garment industry trade overseas because operational costs are cheaper. Foreign countries, due to free market, have provided cheap labor, locations and enabling firms to be in good control of their operational costs. From this perspective, US firms enjoys an increase in profits since they have more access to a large market. Garment firms therefore end up relocating to foreign countries that provide cheap and ready resources to produce same quality of products produced in U.S.A. U.S.A garment industry continues to decline due to relocation of firms to seek favorable ground for wealth creation. Garment firms in regions like India have a higher competitive advantage in that they are able to operate at low costs while producing quality products which meet international standard. Such low priced products are preferred than what is locally produced in U.S.A. Current market trends indicate a serious decline in production capacity and size of the garment firms in U.S.A. 3.2 Labor cost Reducti on of labor cost by garment firms has been the forefront of their operation. This has been done by completely laying off workers and obtaining experts in fields that require expertise. Labor cost affects final profits to be generated and therefore high labor costs incurred by garment industry prove to be a threat to their efficient operation. In U.S.A the labor laws are strict protecting workers from exploitation (Rugman, 2009). The set minimum wage for every worker makes the firms to equalize their operations at the provided cost that comes with this law. When comparing with garment firms in India and other countries like Philippines labor laws are not strict enough to protect

Legal Requirements of a Will Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Legal Requirements of a Will - Essay Example Having understood the meaning of the will, the next step in the process of formation of the will is to understand the requirements of creating the will which has to be legally binding in the Court of law. Following are the conditions which have to be fulfilled in order to have a legally binding Will: 1. The Will made by the Testator must be the final version of his Will. There shall be no will made by him before he finally signs the Will, if in case there is a Will previous to the final Will then that Will shall be terminated and duly notified in the existence of the new and the final draft. 2. The Will shall be signed by the Testator 3. The Will shall have two witnesses at the least, and the witness’s shall have no inheritance of the assets in the structure of the Will, as they are supposed to be independent people who have no interest coming out from the creation of the Will. The Will should be signed by them. 4. The Testator has to be of sound mind and should be above 18 years of age. 5. The Testator should have an executer to execute the Will in the favour of the beneficiaries after his death, since the executer is the one who is responsible for the execution of the Will and making sure that the beneficiaries get their due share in accordance to the Will. 6. The Testator has to clearly identify the inheritors of his will and has to account for his property in full valuation.

Management Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Accounting - Assignment Example The information is used to analyse the influence of the company’s undertakings on key accounts such as costs and profits. Therefore, it is fair to mention that the costing systems facilitate decision-making by providing critical information suitable for operation analysis. The common types of costing systems are the activity based costing and the absorption costing system. The paper will provide a profit and loss statement prepared using both the ABC and absorption costing system. In addition, a discussion will be included to explain to Riptide Plc’s manager that the ABC system provides extra information suitable for decision-making. Let us determine the absorption rate for the two departments (machine and assembly department). The absorption rate for machine department = (overhead allocated to machine department/ machine hours) = (504,000/420,000) = $ 1.2/ machine hour. Therefore, the overhead cost per product is as below. The absorption rate for the assembly department = (overhead allocated to assembly department/ direct labour hours) = (437,000/530,000) = $ 0.8245/ labour hour. Therefore, the overhead cost per product is below. Profit statements have been prepared using the ABC system and the absorption costing system. In the process of making the profit statements, the costs incurred by Riptide plc when producing the three products have also been identified based on the two costing systems. Based Table F below, the cost per unit under the ABC system for product XYI, YZT and ABW are  £ 39.25,  £ 92.025 and  £ 73.583. Under absorption costing, product XYI and YTZ cost more than the same products’ costs under the ABC system. However, product ABW cost more under the ABC than it costs under absorption system. Therefore, the differences in the cost of the products under the two costing systems are summarized in Table F below. Based on Table G below,

Music's importance in Japanese History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Music's importance in Japanese History - Essay Example Music has a great significance in the Japanese history because has helped keep the historic moments about the state of Japan. The message in these songs is all about Japan and is considered to be informative and preservative as while. This is through various songs that are considered more important for their contents. These songs talk about how Japan came up, and they create attention of many when sang. The prehistoric songs impacted positively in the history of Japan because they are the first chronicles of the new state. These songs also became the tradition of imperial counts.Many musical and poetic verses and images have influenced the development of modern music and have been incorporated in the present music styles; this gives a reflection of the history of Japan. The musical and poetic verses and images keep the past about the state in details and recurrences in their use helps in transferring of the historic moments of the country from one generation to another. This helps in historical socialization of individuals who are born in Japan.Music helps express the past activities of the state of Japan. It was central in the prose work in the ancient Japan. This was through the dances that rose by the influence of music tones and rhythm. The dances of Gagaku, flute, koto and biwa lute run through the background of the classical novel which gave the story of Genji Monogatari which was based on a great lover in the imperial. This shows that music led to those dances that passed information in a different context.

Education in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

Education in the Philippines Essay 1. Cite at least three objectives of the 1992 EDCOM, 1998 PESS and 1998 PCER. The three innovations to the Philippine education system had these common objectives: * To introduce curricular reform curricular reforms in the school organization * To investigate the modes of delivery, policy structures, and pedagogical philosophies and recommend enrichment thereof * To align education’s modalities to the needs of the times 2. What are the common findings and recommendations of the three studies conducted in relation to the Philippine education system? A. Common Findings i. High dropout rates especially in rural areas ii. Mastery of students in important competencies as shown in achievement levels iii. High levels of simple literacy among 15-24 year-olds and 15+ year-olds iv. Highest repetition rate in Grade I v. Children were generally handicapped by serious deficiencies in their personal constitution and in the skills they needed to successfully go through the absorption of learning B. Recommendations i. Tri-focalization in the management of supervision of basic education, technical-vocational education, and tertiary education ii. Ensure adequate financing and improve the quality of basic education iii. Slow and reverse the haphazard expansion of low-quality tertiary education iv. Provide equitable access to education at all levels so deserving households and communities can benefit from the provision of public education v. Improve overall sector management through greater local participation and accountability 3. Identify the actions taken by the concerned agencies to respond to the recommendations of the studies conducted? Actions taken are the following: * Congress enacted Republic Act 7722 that created the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) that is responsible for higher education * Congress enacted Republic Act 7796 that created the Technical Skills Development Authority (TESDA) which is duty-bound to supervise and manage post-secondary and middle-level manpower training and development * Congress enacted Republic Act 9155 that created the Department of Education (DepEd) that handles basic education (elementary and secondary levels) * For a time, there was moratorium on the establishment of State Colleges and Universities (SCUs) * Tertiary education has been given reduced allocation for Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE) * Surveys on applied assessment methodologies and processes were conducted * Republic Act 10029 (Philippine Psychology Act of 2009) was enacted into law that aims to maintain the development of assessment which is part of the services offered by psychologists * Executive Order No. 46 established the Presidential Commission on Educational Reform (PCER) that is a multi-sectoral body that defined a comprehensive and budget-feasible program of reform in the education system 4. Do the actions taken have an impact on the ailing Philippine educational system? Yes. In many ways the actions taken by the respective agencies of the government have created impact to the Philippine education system. For instance, DepEd has now concentrated in strengthening the knowledge and skills of elementary and secondary level learners in order to prepare them to the more rigorous life in tertiary education. In addition, CHED has introduced the emphasis of research in support to new teaching methodologies and has identified â€Å"Centers of Excellence† and â€Å"Centers of Development† among colleges and universities nationwide. Then TESDA hones the skills of middle-level manpower that is needed in the country and overseas. Although much has to be done yet to create an atmosphere of genuine excellent Philippine education system, more and more actions have been undertaken by the government to address the pressing problems on deteriorating quality of education. Aside from enhancing the competencies of learner.

Financial Analysis Of Tesco PLC

Financial Analysis Of Tesco PLC Tesco Plc is a leading UK retailer that operates in 13 countries across Asia, Europe and the United States. In order to evaluate Tescos financial positions in the market, vertical, horizontal and ratio analyses will be implemented. In addition, this report will benchmark two main competitors of the company, namely Morrisons and Sainsburys. Finally, in conclusion it will provide some recommendation for future investors and for those who are considering future employment in the company. 1. Review of Tescos financial fundamentals over the last 5 years. In order to examine Tescos performance, vertical analysis of the financial fundamentals for 2006-2010 would be implemented. 1.1 Income statement trends Table 3: % change PL account 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Sales 8.08% 10.92% 13.95% 5.59% Cost of sales 8.17% 10.83% 13.84% 5.21% Gross profit 14.37% 4.82% 15.29% 10.08% Expenses 8.27% 10.47% 14.48% 5.80% Operating profit 16.14% 5.40% 13.54% 9.09% Finance income -21.05% 107.78% -37.97% 128.45% Finance cost -10.4% 15.7% 91.2% 21.13% Tax 18.95% -12.8% 17.8% 6.6% Retained profits 20.49% 12.16% 0.38% 9.26% Source: Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10 Sales are the main measures for business growth. Tescos revenue has increased by 7.14% per year for the last 5 years. The slowing GDP growth and the deteriorating consumer confidence, which was result of the recent economic downturn, were the main reasons for the recent slowdown in the rate of growth. The absolute level of sales has still increased. of the companys sales levels. Notwithstanding the challenging economic environment, Tesco managed to maintain strong margins due to significant investments in new stores and lower prices, better pay rates and effective cost management. The lowest operating and gross profits figures were registered in 2007/2008 but this was a result of  £89m investment in US and integration cost from market acquisitions in Czech Republic, Poland and Malaysia. The most significant figure in 2009 is the increased amount of finance costs, from  £250m to  £478m or by 91.2% that was result of increased average net debt level slinked to acquisitions and foreign exchange movements, higher coupon rates on commercial paper and unfavourable changes in the non-cash IFRS elements of the interest charge (Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2009). This considerably affected retained profits and a slight increase by 0.38% was registered. Finally, in 2010 there was a significant increase of the finance income by 128.45%, resulting growth in the retained profits by 9.26% due to the consolidation of Tesco Bank. 1.2 Balance sheet trends Table 4: 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Current assets 16.76% 37.67% 122.94% -16.23% Inventories 31.90% 25.84% 9.84% 2.25% Trade receivables 20.96% 21.50% 37.15% 5.01% Non-current assets 8.51% 17.96% 34.45% 6.77% Current liabilities 9.69% 25.90% 75.78% -11.23% Non-current liabilities 8.62% 31.48% 87.75% 2.06% Shareholders funds/Equity 11.93% 12.59% 9.18% 12.97% Source: Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10 According to the balance sheet in 2007, the increase in stock and debtors outpaced sales that was quite inconvenience, while the fixed assets were satisfactory. The problem with the stock trend was reversed in 2009 and 2010, but the debtors level, and the liabilities along with the fixed assets grew faster than sales in 2009 as a result of the economic downturn and the consumers uncertainty (see table 4). 2. Ratio Analysis of Tesco Financial ratio analysis is one of the most common methods that provides a quick and relatively simple means of assessing the financial health of a business ( Atrill McLaney, 2006, pp168). 2.1 Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios provide an insight to the degree of success in achieving this purpose (Atrill McLaney, 2006, pp169). Table 5: 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ROSF 16.69% 17.96% 17.90% 16.57% 15.91% ROCE 12.70% 12.60% 12.70% 12.80% 12.10% Net profit margin 5.78% 6.21% 5.90% 5.88% 6.07% Gross profit margin 7.67% 8.12% 7.67% 7.76% 8.10% Source: Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10 According to table 5 Tescos ROSF ratios vary between 16-18% and ROCE between 12-13%. In 2007 and 2008 the ratios are tend to increase while in 2010 a considerable drop can be noticed. This reduction is result of the companys strategy to continue investment even during the recession that has affected the returns in short term, but at the same time it promises progress in long term aspect (Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010). Net profit and gross profit margin ratios have been also remarkably consistent over the 5 years period. Despite the recent economic downturn, Tesco managed to maintain its strong positions and due to efficient cost management, price cuts and increased focus on its clubcard loyalty cart, it raised pre-tax profit by 9% in 2010 (http://www.guardian.co.uk). 2.2 Efficiency Ratios Table 6: 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Stock turnover period (days) 15 18 20 19 19 Sales revenue to cap.employed (times) 2.62 2.56 2.38 1.93 1.90 UK Sales revenue per employee 170,923 177,084 179,840 196,436 196,120 Profit per employee 10,190 11,292 10,814 13,065 14,303 UK Sales per square foot 1303 1325 1322 1318 1311 Source: Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10 Generally, the efficiency of Tescos performance during the last 5 years is persistent. Stock turnover ratio has been remarkably steady and has varied between 19-20 days over the last 4 years which is evidence for a good control of stock. However, from 2006 to 2010 sales revenue to capital employed ratio decreased significantly from 2.62 to 1.90 (by 27.5%) which was result of the considerable increase in the level of shareholders funds and non-current liabilities (by 173% and 55% respectively). Additionally, the most important ratios measuring business efficiency are sales per employee and profit per employee. Tescos ratios are satisfactory notwithstanding the declines in 2008 that are understandable bearing in mind the challenging economic conditions (see table 6). 2.3 Liquidity Ratios According to McLaney Atrill liquidity is vital to the survival of a business for there to be sufficient liquid resources available to meet maturing obligations (Atrill McLaney, 2006, pp169). Table 7: 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Current ratio 0.52 0.56 0.61 0.75 0.73 Acid test ratio 0.33 0.32 0.37 0.60 0.56 Cash generated from operations to maturing obligations 0.45 0.43 0.40 0.28 0.37 Source: Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10 Tescos liquidity has considerably improved over the 5 years period due to strong cash generations and tight control of capital expenditure. Working capital also increased significantly, by 20%. However, liquidity ratios are still very low, current ratio varying from 0.5 to 0.7 and acid test ratio from 0.3 to 0.5. This seems disastrously when referencing to some textbooks that suggest that current ratio should be around 2 and the acid ratio should be around 1. But according to Atrill McLaney (2006) the current ratio will vary from business to business and a supermarket chain will have a relatively low ratio, as it will hold only fast-moving inventories of finished goods and all of its sales will be made for cash (no credit sales) (trill McLaney, 2006, pp 187). (See table 7) 2.4 Financial Gearing Ratio Gearing ratio is one of the most important indicators regarding the degree of risk associated with a businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it tends to highlight the extent to which the business uses loan finance (Atrill McLaney, 2006, pp169). Table 8: 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Gearing ratio 37.23% 36.53% 40.03% 53.86% 51.08% Interest cover ratio 6.26 7.04 6.81 5.64 5.01 Source: Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10 There are no significant changes of Tescos gearing ratio during the last 5 years; it peaked at 53.9% in 2009 due to the significant increase of the long-term liabilities and the shareholders fund resulted of Homever acquisition in South Africa. On the other hand, interest cover ratio decreased significantly from 7 in 2007 to 5 in 2010, but the company still will not have problem to meet its interest (see table 8). 2.5 Investment ratios Investment ratios give an answer to the key question whether shares should be bought, sold or hold. Table 9: 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Earnings per share 20.04 22.36 26.95 27.14 29.33 P/E ratio 16.5 19.9 14.6 11.5 13.2 Dividend per share 8.63 9.64 10.9 11.96 13.05 Dividend cover 3.57 4.07 2.69 2.42 2.41 Dividend payout 27.98% 24.59% 37.18% 41.30% 41.44% Dividend yield 2.6% 2.2% 2.7% 3.6% 3.1% cash from operations /number of shares 0.44 0.45 0.52 0.63 0.75 Source: Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10 Tescos earnings per share ratio has increased by around 46% over the last five years, which is a good trend. Dividend per share also registered an excellent growth by 51% for the 5 year period. Dividend cover ratio is another important ratio that determines whether company is attractive for investors. Tescos dividend cover ratio is decreasing significantly over the last 3 years, which is good for investors looking for capital appreciation. However, low dividend cover is unattractive for those seeking income (Fitzgerald, (2002, pp160). Dividend yield is another important investment indicator showing the actual return provided by the company. For 2006-2010 Tescos dividend yield ratio has been quite variable, the lowest rate was 2.2% in 2007 and the highest was 3.6% in 2009. In 2009 the high yield was affected by economic situation and the company was expected to have low profits growth. In contrast, low dividend yields mean that the company is expected to grow its profits quickly (Arno ld, 2004, pp 191) (See table 9). In addition, in 2009 the lowest P/E ratio was registered again because of the expectation for slowdown in profits (Arnold, 2004, pp 187). 3. Benchmark the performance of Tesco Nowadays, retail industry is characterised by very intense competition and in order to obtain clearer picture of Tescos growth, it would be useful to benchmark the company to some of its main competitors, namely Morrisons and Sainsburys, evaluating some fundamental financial indicators. Firstly, it should be taken into consideration the fact Morrisons and Sainsburys operates only at national level and Tesco is operating internationally. Therefore, there would be some significant differences in their indices in comparison to Tesco. Figure 1: Figure 2: Source: Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010, Morrisons annual report and financial statements 2010 J Sainsbury plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010 Figure 1 clearly shows that for 2010, Tesco is the market leader with 63% sales levels compared to the whole three companies revenue. Sainsburys is the second with 22% and Morrisons is the third, registering 16% sales. In terms of profitability good sign is that all the three companies have managed to maintain its position even during the economic recession and continue to increase their profit numbers. However, comparing Morrisons and Sainsburys uncertain fact is that they obtained almost the same levels of profit in 2010, bearing in mind that Sainsburys is much bigger than Morrisons. Thus, Morrisons is found to be more efficient with margin of 5.9%, comparing to Sainsburys ratio of 3.6% (see figure 2). Additionally, while Morrisons and Sainsburys increased their return on capital employed ratio, even slightly, Tesco registered a significant drop in 2010, by 0.7%, result of the consolidation of Tesco Bank. However, from investors point of view, in long term, this is not an inconvenience trend because it will take some time until Tesco Bank start making any profits (see figure 2). Figure 3: Source: Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010, Morrisons annual report and financial statements 2010 J Sainsbury plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010 When it comes to productivity, for 2010, again Tesco is on the top with the highest level of sales per square ft in UK, followed by Sainsburys and Morrisons. In terms of sales per employee, there is not a significant difference between the three retails, although Morrisons is presenting more convenience levels in contrast to Sainsburys (see figure 3). Figure4: Figure 5: Source: Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010, Morrisons annual report and financial statements 2010 J Sainsbury plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010 From all the three companies, in 2010 Tesco registered the highest level of gearing, 51.08%, Sainsburys 38.4% and Morrisons 25.1%, which means Tesco I highly geared. This is not necessary uncertain fact because Tesco is a mature business with strong and reliable cash flows that can allow higher level. In terms of interest cover, Morrisons presents the most convinience positions with ratio of 15.11. Sainsburys and Tescos rates are low (see figure 4 5). Figure 6: Source: Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010, Morrisons annual report and financial statements 2010 J Sainsbury plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010 Finally, Morrisons has the highest earnings per share ratio, 30.36p, but at the same time and the highest dividend cover, which is not very attractive for investors seeking income. Those investors would be more attracted by Sainsburys and Tescos ratio that are quite low, 2.43 and 2.41, respectively (see figure 6). Evaluation Conclusion Based on the analysis above, it could be concluded that Tesco is a growing company that demonstrates very convenience performance over the last 5 Years, increasing revenues and profits. However, in order to take objective investment decision, share prices and dividend trends should be taken into consideration. Over the last 5 years Tesco has increased its market shares. In October 2010, Tesco PLC reported semi annual 2011 earnings of 16.43 per share that is better than the last years result for the same period by 18.20% (markets.ft.com). In comparison to the FTSE 100 Index, for example, it also demonstrates good trends; over the last week Tesco outperformed the FTSE 100 Index (markets.ft.com) (see Table 10). On the other hand, Tescos current share prices (432.00p) do not seem so attractive, comparing to its rivals with lowest prices, Morissons- 269.20p and Sainsburys-376.00p. Additionally, in terms of the dividend yield rates, there is a significant drop from 3.6% in 2009 to 3.1% in 2010. This could be caused by several factors, but at the same time, it could be a warning sign that the prices are raised excessively and they might be overpriced (moneyweek.com). Table 10: Name 1 Week 1 Month 6 Month 1 Year 5 Year Tesco PLC -0.24% +2.48% +8.74% +2.57% +30.59% FTSE 100 Index +1.42% +1.63% +12.91% +10.83% +6.70% Source: Tesco PLC, markets.ft.com Finally, according to the Tescos ratio analysis and the benchmark there are some other uncertainties regarding liquidity and gearing in comparison to Morrisons and Sainsburys, for example. Thus, notwithstanding the satisfying dividend and earnings per share and the strong performance of Tesco, the current share prices do not look very attractive for buying. In this case, Morrisons might be more attractive for future investment noting its successful nationwide expansion, fast growing trend and low share prices. At first glance Tesco seems an attractive place to work as it has significant growth potential and has very strong positions in the market. The companys employment policy is very Overall you have made a good start here. You need to analyse the current share price, dividend yield and P/E ratio for Tesco to see whether it is worth investing. Even if Tesco is a strong performer in a business sense that doesnt mean we should buy its shares. The strength may already be reflected in the share price or, indeed, the shares may be overpriced. You need to look at share price trends and compare with the FTSE 100 or with an index for the food and drug retail sector. Or you could examine TSR and compare that with the competittion. You need to try to get a feel for whether the shares should be bought at the current price. You also havent answered the employment question you need to find some employee related data.

William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- Tragedy of Hamlet

William Shakespeare's Hamlet 'Hamlet' is a play written by William Shakespeare in late 15th or early 16th century. The main character Hamlet faces many difficulties, which cause him to doubt life, question death and look at human characters. The main problem, which in turn leads to others along his journey, is when he encounters his dead father in the form of a ghost. He tells Hamlet of his murder by his brother who is now married to his widowed wife, Hamlets Uncle and Mother. Hamlet spends the play trying to avenge his father's death and it is questionable to whether he does. In this essay I aim to examine Hamlet's state of mind and personality within four incidents. From there I will analyse any changes that I believe Hamlet to make and why I think they happen. My four chosen incidents are; Hamlets plan for a play (Act two Scene two), Hamlet's famous 'to be or not to be' speech and conversation with Ophelia (Act three Scene one), the death of Polonius in Gertrude's closet (Act three Scene four), and finally, when the news of Ophelia's death reaches Hamlet and leads into a confrontation with her brother, Laertes (Act five Scene one). To analyse the changes in the character of Hamlet it must first be considered how he deals with the news of his father's death before further revelations are revealed and then track his thoughts and actions as the play progresses. It must be determined if there is evidence of Hamlet being suicidal over the death of his father without such events as his 'antic disposition' in the way. We must also decide if Hamlet was insane, before or at any point through the play. Finally, why does Hamlet fe... ... very much alike, both nosey and very wordy. It provides mental recognition for Hamlet that he is changing and his childish way, from such scenes as Gertrude's closest, are not needed anymore. It also provides Hamlet with a thirst for blood and shows him what actions he is capable of. I believe it to be a second key scene for Hamlet. Finally, I think Hamlet is undeveloped emotionally and finds it very hard to deal with his father's death and to hear he was murdered destroys Hamlets life. I feel great empathy with him and understand why he may appear suicidal and mad to some, whereas I do not agree. I think he does remarkably well to deal with the situation and do no think that I could. I don't think he does revenge his father's murder but does not need to. He is a very interesting character who emerges victorious.

MTV :: essays research papers

Somewhat perversely, it might be expedient to begin by pointing out that this paper is not about the music video per se. There will be no close textual analysis of individual clips. Eminent pop philosopher Elvis Costello once said that "writing about music is like dancing about architecture. It's a really stupid thing to want to do" (quoted in Goodwin, 1993: 1). Conscious that 'accidents can happen", this paper is concerned with the institutional as opposed to the purely textual; with the processes of production and reception (although it should be noted that it is perhaps inevitable that such a consideration will touch upon the channel - if not the videos themselves - as "text" in its most socially-engaged sense). The focus here, then, is on those organisations which broadcast music videos, on Music Television (MTV) in particular, and on the possible impact of what has become a truly global phenomenon. There is a common perception that American products dominate the world's markets. Coke and Pepsi slug it out across continents. It would appear that there is no place on earth where one cannot purchase a Big Mac. In his book Superculture, Christopher Bigsby offers this assessment of America's global dominance: American corporations shape the physical and mental environment, influence the eating habits, define the leisure pursuits, produce TV programmes and movies: devise, in other words, the fact and fantasy of the late twentieth century (Bigsby, 1975: 4). The perceived threat of globalisation has prompted fears and resentments not dissimilar in temper and tone to those by-now familiar reactions to the threat of Americanisation. Globalisation is sometimes seen as a force that will erode or, worse still, dissolve cultural difference and variety. Yet, the presence and pervasiveness of American-made goods does not necessarily signal the death of the local, regional or national. As Frederic Jameson notes, late modern or postmodern capitalism has led to a more disorganised set of relationships between trading nations. Thus, it is one of the characteristics of the dreaded "P"-concept - postmodernism or, perhaps more accurately, postmodernity - that it leads to uncertainty and paradox, as opposed to certainty and confidence. As a kind of postmodern capitalism, globalisation reflects this. For with it, the act of cultural transfer becomes more problematic, the flow of goods and ideas so much more difficult to "police". Economically, globalisation refers to a shift in capitalist practice. Today's multi- nationals talk of "global marketing strategies" and securing a "global market share" - corporate- speak which alludes to a kind of capitalism sans frontieres. MTV :: essays research papers Somewhat perversely, it might be expedient to begin by pointing out that this paper is not about the music video per se. There will be no close textual analysis of individual clips. Eminent pop philosopher Elvis Costello once said that "writing about music is like dancing about architecture. It's a really stupid thing to want to do" (quoted in Goodwin, 1993: 1). Conscious that 'accidents can happen", this paper is concerned with the institutional as opposed to the purely textual; with the processes of production and reception (although it should be noted that it is perhaps inevitable that such a consideration will touch upon the channel - if not the videos themselves - as "text" in its most socially-engaged sense). The focus here, then, is on those organisations which broadcast music videos, on Music Television (MTV) in particular, and on the possible impact of what has become a truly global phenomenon. There is a common perception that American products dominate the world's markets. Coke and Pepsi slug it out across continents. It would appear that there is no place on earth where one cannot purchase a Big Mac. In his book Superculture, Christopher Bigsby offers this assessment of America's global dominance: American corporations shape the physical and mental environment, influence the eating habits, define the leisure pursuits, produce TV programmes and movies: devise, in other words, the fact and fantasy of the late twentieth century (Bigsby, 1975: 4). The perceived threat of globalisation has prompted fears and resentments not dissimilar in temper and tone to those by-now familiar reactions to the threat of Americanisation. Globalisation is sometimes seen as a force that will erode or, worse still, dissolve cultural difference and variety. Yet, the presence and pervasiveness of American-made goods does not necessarily signal the death of the local, regional or national. As Frederic Jameson notes, late modern or postmodern capitalism has led to a more disorganised set of relationships between trading nations. Thus, it is one of the characteristics of the dreaded "P"-concept - postmodernism or, perhaps more accurately, postmodernity - that it leads to uncertainty and paradox, as opposed to certainty and confidence. As a kind of postmodern capitalism, globalisation reflects this. For with it, the act of cultural transfer becomes more problematic, the flow of goods and ideas so much more difficult to "police". Economically, globalisation refers to a shift in capitalist practice. Today's multi- nationals talk of "global marketing strategies" and securing a "global market share" - corporate- speak which alludes to a kind of capitalism sans frontieres.

SHIP OF THE HUNTED: A BLEND OF FACT AND FICTION :: essays research papers

Historical fiction is a type of genre that helps paint a more captivating and colourful picture of the past. It combines fact and fiction as it presents mostly fabricated characters set in a definite period of history. Ship of the Hunted, by Yehuda Elberg, defines this genre as it entwines the lives of a fictional family with historical facts and elements such as life in the Warsaw ghetto, hiding to survive, and the Brichah movement of Jews out of Poland. History has recorded that over half a million Jews were crowded into the Warsaw ghetto between October and November of 1940. The squalor, starvation, disease, exposure to cold, and the daily shootings claimed the lives of about 5, 000 to 6, 000 Jews each month. In Ship of the Hunted, the Heshl family struggles to survive this trend. Like so many others living in the ghetto, Golda and her son, Yossel, scavenge the blocks, looking for any items that can be smuggled out of the ghetto in exchange for food. After his father and older sister are deported, Yossel is confronted by Golda, who wants him to stop smuggling. â€Å" ‘This stuff buys food. We have to eat, Mama.’ ‘Yossel, you’re still a child. You know they shoot children for scavenging!’ ‘They shoot mothers for scavenging, too.’ ’’ (Elberg, 17) This conversation demonstrates the desperate measures taken by the Jews to obtain food. The raids in the ghetto also caused their numbers to dwindle. Daily, thousands of Jews were removed from the ghetto and transported to concentration camps. After surviving one such raid by hiding in a bunker, Golda surfaces to find out about another raid on a hospital. â€Å"Liquidated, floor by floor. On foot and by stretcher, they had been sent off – a man with an incision still open; an infant, newly born.† (Elberg, 23) These raids led to deportations, which eventually led to extermination. News spread, and those who refused to be led away to death took part in what would be one of the greatest periods in Jewish history. The Warsaw ghetto uprising began on April 19th of 1943, as the surviving inhabitants of the ghetto resisted the German troops and police who had come to deport them. This battle held out for 20 days till the Germans finally overpowered the lightly armed Jews. In t he novel, Golda is a witness to the uprising and its end.

Health and My Body Care

Health is the most important thing in a person’s life. It is the biggest personal property. Every person should think more about his health because when health is lost, everything is lost. Good health is better than the best medicine. And if your health is good, you are always in a good mood. But sickness in the body brings sickness to the mind. It even can cause of economic burdens for family. So we shouldn’t wait when health comes like a bolt from the blue, we should do something ourselves.As for me I have many ways to take care of my health. For example, I do morning exercises in the morning. It doesn’t take much time and I can feel bright, I can get back my energy after a long sleep. I try to take long walks in the open air as often as I can. But when the weather is not very bad I sleep with my window open. I also like playing some sports: biking or badminton. I think sport is very important in our life. It is a way leading you to the healthy life.And playing sport is useful for our health. I also have the strict day’s routine. I never do my homework very late in the evening. Evening is my rest time. All my life is planned. I usually try to plan everything ahead so I don’t have to hurry. Beside the day’s activities, food is a factor to improve my health. I eat three times a day. I never miss breakfast or overfeed. I like eating a lot of vegetables and fresh fruit, drink fruit juice.Sugar and fat is a few and I also use a little meat and salt. I also keep my body clean, wear clean clothes. Looking at a person who is clean and orderly dressed you can feel better too. Hairbrushes, toothbrushes are not lent. Every person should use only his personal things. That’s all about my body care. I think if you have a good health you can do everything. Health and wellness brings about a drastic improvement in the overall quality of your life. So, take care of your health best!

Commercial Brands of Bleaching Solution & a Determination of the Best Buy Essay

Introduction : Sodium chlorate(I) forms the basis of most commercial bleaches. The amount present in bleaching solution can be determined by a volumetric technique. In this experiment, sodium chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the presence of acid to liberate. The iodine is titrated against standard sodium thiosulphate solution. Chemicals : Bleach solution , 0.1 M Na2S2O3 ,1 M H2SO4 , KI , Starch indicator Procedures : 1. Determine the total volume of bleach in the commercial bottles provided. Note the brand name, volume & price of each sample. 2. Pipette 25 cm3 bleach solution into a 250 cm3 volumetric flask. Make up to the mark & mix well. 3. Pipette 25 cm3 of this solution into a conical flask. Add 10 cm3 KI solution & 10 cm3 1 M sulphuric acid. 4. Titrate this mixture against the standard sodium thiosulphate solution provided. Add starch indicator when the solution become pale yellow. 5. Record your results and calculate the molarity of the orginal bleach solution. 6. Determine which bleach has the lowest price per mole of actual bleach. Results : Brand A = ___________KAO_____________ Brand B = _________Best Buy____________ Volume = ___________1.5L______________ Volume = ____________2L_______________ Price = _______$12.9 / Bottle____________ Price = ________$10.9 / Bottle____________ Mole = _________0.753 Mol_____________ Mole = ___________1.152 Mol ___________ $/mole = _______$17.13 / Mol ___________ $/mole = __________$9.46 / Mol__________ Best buy is ________ Best Buy___________ Titration of Brand A against the standard sodium thiosulphate solution Titration 1 2 3 4 Final Burette Reading (ml) 31.70 35.70 27.80 32.20 Initial Burette Reading (ml) 2.90 9.80 4.40 8.30 Volume of titrant (ml) 28.80 25.90 25.40 23.50 Mean volume of titrant (ml) = __(25.90+25.40+23.50)3 = 25.1 ml__ Calculation: The Result Of Brand A Sodium chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the Bleaching solution, which is a acid medium. Iodine solution produced. Following equation: 2H+-(aq) + OCl–(aq) + 2I–(aq) –> Cl–(aq) + I2-(aq) + H2O-(l) Secondly, the iodine solution is titrated with sodium thiosulphate solution Following equation: I2(aq) + 2 S2O32- (aq) –> S4O62- (aq) + 2 I-(aq) The Molarity of Na2S2O3 : = 0.1M Number of mole of S2O3- reacted with I2: : = Molarity X Volume = 0.1 X (25.11000) = 0.00251 mol The Mole ratio of Na2S2O3:: I2= 2:1 Number of moles of I2 reacted with S2O3- = (12) X 0.00251 mol = 0.001255 mol The Mole ratio of NaOCl: I2= 1:1 Number of moles of NaOCl used in the titration = I2 = 0.001255 mol Number of moles of NaOCl in the 250ml volumetic flask = 0.001255 mol X 10 = 0.01255 mol Number of moles in 1.5L bleach solution = 0.01255 mol 25 X 1500 = 0.753 mol Price of OCl- per mole in brand A = $12.9 0.753mol = $17.13 / mol Results : Titration of Brand B against the standard sodium thiosulphate solution Titration 1 2 3 4 Final Burette Reading (ml) 30.90 32.8 31.90 35.20 Initial Burette Reading (ml) 2.10 3.90 3.30 6.90 Volume of titrant (ml) 28.8 28.90 28.60 28.90 Mean volume of titrant (ml) = __(28.90+28.60+28.90)3 = 28.8 ml__ Calculation: The Result Of Brand B Sodium chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the Bleaching solution, which is a acid medium. Iodine solution produced. Following ionic equation: 2H+-(aq) + OCl–(aq) + 2I–(aq) –> Cl–(aq) + I2-(aq) + H2O-(l) Secondly, the iodine solution is titrated with sodium thiosulphate solution Following ionic equation: I2(aq) + 2 S2O32- (aq) –> S4O62- (aq) + 2 I-(aq) The Molarity of Na2S2O3 : = 0.1M Number of mole of S2O3- reacted with I2: : = Molarity X Volume = 0.1 X (28.81000)= 0.00288 mol The Mole ratio of Na2S2O3:: I2= 2:1 Number of moles of I2 reacted with S2O3- = (12) X 0.00288 mol = 0.00144 mol The Mole ratio of NaOCl: I2= 1:1 Number of moles of NaOCl used in the titration = I2 = 0.00144 mol Number of moles of NaOCl in the 250ml volumetic flask = 0.00144 mol X 10 = 0.0144 mol Number of moles in 2L bleach solution = 0.0144 mol 25 X 2000 = 1.152 mol Price of OCl- per mole in brand B = $10.9 1.152 mol = $9.46 / mol Questions : 1. Why must the KI be present in excess ? If less than the specified quantity of KI is added, what effect will this have on the results ? The bleach solution contain sodium chlorate(I),which have ions OCl-.We can prepare the iodine solution by adding the sodium chlorate(I) to potassium iodide in a acidic medium. At first, the sodium chlorate(I) Is the limiting agent. When we add the excess potassium iodide into the bleach solution. Not only it will not effect the result, but also the calculation can be more accurate. All the ions OCl- can be completely reacted. In addition, Iodine solution is only slightly soluble in water but it is very soluble in the solution, which contain I- ions. 2. What is the function of the sulphuric acid ? The function of sulphuric acid is provide a acidic medium containing excess iodide to ionizes the iodine solution to triiodide ions. We must know that the Brown colour of iodine solution is cause for the triiodide ions(I3-).This colour in observation of titration is very important. 3. Bleaching solutions may deteriorate for 2 reasons : (a) react with CO2 in the air according to the equation : 2 OCl- + CO2 –> CO32-+ H2 + Cl2 (b) what is the other reason ? It must be effected by light. It is because the The hypochlorite ions OCl-( will be decompose quickly under light Following equation:2NaOCl –>2NaCl + O2, .While losing some OCl- ions, the result in calculation will not be accurate 4. What should the starch indicator not be added too early ? The starch solution turns the iodine to blue black because of the formation of starch-iodine complex. Also, the complex is not reversible when the concentration of iodine is high. If we add the starch solution early, the attraction of starch molecules and iodine molecules will attract so strongly. Although we have add standard sodium thiosulphate solution, but we can not do completely finish the real result of titration and effecting the calculation. The above-mentioned tell us that the starch solution should be added when only a few of iodine solution left, near the end point of the titration.

Las Siete Partidas: Laws on Jews, 1265 Essay

Las Siete Partidas was a work commissioned by King Alfonso X in 1265. It introduced law codes which only took effect in Castile a century later. These law codes, which were based on earlier feudal, civil, and canon laws, were hostile to Jews. The conditions placed on Muslim Moors, however, were even more severe than those placed on the Jews (Muslims, for instance, were prohibited from having mosques. ) The focus of this essay will be on excerpts taken from Las Siete Partidas which deal primarily with the Jewish people. The â€Å"Laws on Jews† were an attempt to manage the costs and benefits of living with a Jewish minority. Laws which served to control the spread of the Jewish minority forbid miscegenation: â€Å"Jews who live with Christian women†¦shall be put to death. † Jews were also forbidden from proselytizing: â€Å"Moreover, a Jew should be very careful to avoid preaching to, or converting any Christian†¦. † Socializing with Jews was prohibited: â€Å"†¦we forbid any Christian†¦to invite a Jew or Jewish†¦to eat or drink together†¦. † Jews were prohibited from owning slaves or oppressing Christians. Some laws were based on false allegations which claimed that Jews were engaging in human sacrifice (blood libel). Blaming Jews for Christ’s crucifixion (deicide) led to further anti-Semitism. Some of the laws were designed to protect Jews. Jews were protected on Saturday (Sabbath) as well as in their place of worship (synagogue. ) Jews were prohibited from leaving their homes on Good Friday (days on which Christians were hostile towards Jews. ) Some laws served not only to protect Jews, but were degrading as well. For instance, Jews had to wear a Jewish badge to distinguish them in public: â€Å"†¦in order to avoid the offenses and evils†¦all Jews†¦shall bear some distinguishing mark†¦. † A law which requires Jews to identify themselves with a badge implies that Jews and Christians were not so different racially, but separate peoples in terms of their history, culture, and language. The Christian community in Castile, in order to maintain power over their population, introduced laws which would ensure that the Jewish minority would not grow. These laws were at times degrading and hostile towards Jews. However, there were attempts to protect and appease Christian hostility towards Jews. It would prove to be a challenge to maintain a balance between denigrating the Jewish community – in an attempt to check its growth – and making use of its influence and power (King Alfonso made use of Jewish doctors and bankers. ) It would not be unfair to ask whether the conflicting relationship between Christians and Jews was due to the fact that the Jews were in fact a nation within a Christian nation. Moreover, if the Christian community in Castile recognized the Jewish people to be a nation, then they may have felt threatened by the possibility of the reestablishment of a Jewish state.

Media studies coursework for John Steinbeck’s “Of Mice and Men” Essay

We are doing a study of the opening sequence on the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men†, and the subsequent two films (1995 version, and the 1989 version) on the Novel. The author of the novel is John Ernst Steinbeck, who shares the exact same name as his father. His father was an observer of nature and the natural world, and taught the young Steinbeck to respect and to be a part of nature. This love of nature from his father is incorporated in Steinbeck’s opening sequence of the book, where he describes in great detail the opening beside the Salinas River, this causes a calm and tranquil feeling for the reader and draw him straight into the book. Steinbeck was born and raised in Salinas in California and bases his book around both that area and in the time he was writing it, which was during the American depression in the 1930’s. The opening sequence of the book is set a few miles south of Soldad, in the Salinas river. The Salinas river is a peace full and tranquil place with lots of vegetation and wildlife and gives a very slow and calm start to the book. Steinbeck indicates that it is a spring evening of a hot day, and judging by the two men’s clothes it is sometime in the early 1900’s but he does not indicate exactly what period in the early 1900’s they are in. We can tell they are in this period from the second paragraph when he mentions that there are â€Å"boys coming down from the ranches†. From this and the clothes they are wearing we can also tell that the two men (George and Lennie) are working class and are most likely looking for a job on the ranch near by. We can tell they are working class because before the 1940’s only poor people amd workers would wear that type of clothes, â€Å"denim trousers and denim coat†. This is because they are easy to work in, are not very hot clothes to wear, and also are very durable so they are ideal for workers. The upper class would never wear this type of clothing exactly because the workers wear it and it is not descent clothing for a respectable gentleman to be wearing. The mood set in the book is very tranquil and quiet with great detail paid on the countryside and the animals in it. This is to try and give the reader an exact picture of the scene. Some examples of this are; â€Å"the water is lined with trees-willows fresh and green with every spring, carrying in their lower leaf junctures the debris of the winter flooding; and sycamores with mottled, white, recumbent limbs and branches that arch over the pool†. Another example of this is â€Å"Evening of a hot day started the little wind to moving among the leaves. The shade climbed up the hills toward the top. On the sand-banks the rabbits sat as quietly as little grey, sculpture stones.† In the first paragraph Steinbeck describes the noises and the imprints that have been left in the opening from the animals over many years, â€Å"On the sandy bank under the trees the leaves lie deep and so crisp that a lizard makes a great skittering noise as he runs through them†. And with â€Å"the damp flats are covered with the night tracks of ‘coons, and with the spread pads of dogs from the ranches, and with the split-wedged tracks of deer that come to drink in the dark â€Å". The second paragraph describes how the pool is a popular place for many people and the path has been worn down by human use: â€Å"path beaten hard by boys coming down from the ranch to swim in the deep pool†. The path is also popular with Tramps who want to â€Å"jungle-up near water†. The Characters involved in the opening sequence are called Lennie and George. Lennie seems to be rather dumb and not very observant by the fact that wen his partner (George) stopped right in front of him Lennie carried on walking and â€Å"nearly ran him over†. Lennie does not think of his own safety and needs George to guide him so he can say out of trouble and in good health. He proves this by drinking out of the filthy water from the pool witch is described as being green, witch shows it is not running water. He drank â€Å"with long gulps, snorting into the water like a horse†. Lennie listens to George obediently like a little child, and follows his every command and movement. He again shows his child like behaviour and naivety when he moves his fingers in the water and makes little rings, he immediately shares his excitement with George as he wants him to look, because he is proud of what he has done; â€Å"look George look what I done† he calls to him. We also have the picture of Lennie not being very bright from his physical appearance and the way that he walks. Lennie is described to have a â€Å"shapeless face† witch show lack of emotions and thought witch in turn is linked his lack of intelligence. The way it he walks also show either tiredness or again lack of intelligence â€Å"dragging his feet a little† and the way his arms move like pendulums. Steinbeck relates how he walks he walks to a bear meaning, this because he is saying he is big and strong, or because he has very little intelligence and does not think at all or he might be relating the bear to both his strength and his intelligence. George on the other hand is more intelligent than Lennie and seems to be the leader out of the two them. We get the idea that George is the leader by the fact that they are walking in single file and George is leading, this also gives us at first glance the impression that they might not be friends because usually friends walk next to each other not behind one another. We see a bit later on that this is not true and that George was probably just looking out for Lennie from the fact that he tries to stop Lennie drinking from the dirty pool â€Å"‘Lennie!’ he said sharply. ‘Lennie for God’s sakes don’t drink so much† this shows that he cares for him and doesn’t want Lennie to get sick. George’s appearance is more defined than Lennie’s with â€Å"small, strong hands, slender arms, a thin bony nose.† He is also described as being quick, this could probably means that he is more intelligent but it could also mean that his movement is quick. The genre of the novel is a real life drama. I have come to this conclusion because all the facts in opening sequence are all possible in real life, all the scenery is realistic the animals and the people are all realistic. There are only a few clues to what the story will be like. The clues that we have are that the clearing that George and Lennie are in is near to a ranch because it says in the book that boys come down from it to swim in the pool. We also think that George and Lennie are workers from the cloths they are wearing, so it is perfectly feasible that they are two travelling men looking for work on a nearby ranch. If this is true it would also account for the theme of the book. The 1995 film of â€Å"Of Mice and Men† opens with white credits on a black background and slow starting music. The music repeats itself over and over in a pattern while increasing in volume, this gives the effect that something dramatic or scary is going to happen and this makes the reader feel anticipation of what is going to happen next. After a while the music dies down and gives way to the sound effects of a train moving. The background also changes from totally black to black with white strips of light shining through, this gives the effect of a carriage door on a train. We are now sure that this scene is set on a moving train, but we still have no indication of where it is going or where it has come from. So far there is only a slight indication of the period of time we are in at this point of the film. This is the train because it is a steam train witch indicate to us that this is most likely before the 1970’s and after the 1880’s because this is around a bout the time that steam trains were used. The first glimpse we get of any of the character is when the camera slowly fades into a close-up shot of George lit only from the tiny beams of light coming from the slits in the carriage door. George is not moving at all and his face seems contorted and morose, showing us that he is in deep thought about something bad that has happened in the past, we can also assume now that he is on the train because he is running away from whatever has happened. The next scene strikes you very strongly because it is set in the middle of the day in a lush field witch looks like America. Running towards the camera there is a woman in a bright red dress with tears running down her eyes and obvious signs of distress on her face, her dress has also been ripped as though she has been attacked. This scene has been shot at a slower frame rate to indicate that it is actually George reliving previous events that have happened. The girl running towards the camera showing that she is running away from something, and towards safety. As the Woman runs closer to the camera the shot pans out across the field showing some men working in a field near by. As the women runs towards the men she starts waving and pointing to the direction she has just come from, The men drop their tools and run towards her. All this indicates that something very serious has happened to the Girl. The Men workings in the field have no machinery witch is also an indication of the pe riod we are in. There are three main atmospheres established in the opening sequence of this film these (in order of happening) are; anxiety, fear, and peacefulness. The anxiety is felt at the beginning when you hear the music getting louder and louder and the white on black background, and when you see George for the first time. The first time you feel fear is when you see the girl running through the field towards the workers with the tears running down her face and the rips in her dress. Then there is a small moment of heightened suspense when we see the two friends George and Lennie running away. We feel this way because the music has suddenly stopped and there is only the slight sound of their feet hitting the ground as they run. We go back to the emotion of utter fear and anxiety as we fear for the two men’s lives as they are running away from huge packs of dogs and a posy of men on horse back with guns. Suddenly everything goes quiet as George and Lennie hide in an irrigation ditch while they wait for the chasing posy to pass by. This jump for the loud roaring of feet, horse shoes, and loud barking from the dogs to the quiet gives a feeling of fear and anxiety but it also gives a sense of peace, as you can hear the wind rustling in the wind, the grasshoppers croaking in the distance, and the shallow breathing of the men in the water. The sub characters in the video are workers on a ranch we can tell this from the clothes they are wearing and the fact that they are working on the field when we see them. We can also assume that the main characters George and Lennie are also workers because they were wearing the same clothes as the workers. George seems to be the leader out of the two as he keeps giving instructions to Lennie as they are running away from the workers such as â€Å"keep moving† and â€Å"get down†. He also says it in a reasonably friendly tone showing that he is looking after both himself and Lennie. He doesn’t not sound like he is just trying to save himself and he is stuck with Lennie. Lennie on the other hand doesn’t seem to be that worried because he doesn’t realise in what danger they are in. This is shown when Lennie stops running at one point and comments on the dogs that are chasing him. Lennie does not seem that clever either mainly because he doesn’ t realise what danger he is in, he also seems to be dragging his feet and his speech seems impaired. The clues we have to the story line of the film are the men working on the field, the clothes the men are wearing and their accents, and also the chase seen when George and Lennie are being chased. The story could be about two working men trying to find work while being chased by the law because of some crime they committed and that is why they were running away. This will also be the theme of the film if it is true. The genre of the film so far looks like a western real life drama because of the accents of the men, the time in which this is set in and the fact that everything that has happened could happen in real life in that era. The 1989 video at first glance just looks like another low budget spin of a great book and actually seems like it holds no information at first glance. But if you look at it again you see it does actually hold a lot of information just like the other film did even though the budget was obviously not as big and it was shot 6 years earlier. There is though a large area of the end of the sequence of this video, which is actually totally made up, this includes adding Aunt Clara to the story which in actual fact has died many years ago in the book and in the other film. I feel adding this character holds no relevance to the book and there is no meaning to add her. The 1995 video on the other hand even though the director had rearranged the order in which the scenes appear he did not add any other characters to the story line. By the clothes George and Lennie, what appears to be the sheriff, and Aunt Clara are wearing, and also the style of housing you can tell they are in America in the early 1900’s. There is also Gospel music playing in the background when George and Lennie enter Aunt Clara’s house and there is also a gramophone in the room near the doorway. The clues given as to what the story will be like is George and Lennie running away from the law, George helping Lennie get away and keeping him quiet when they are in the field by coping his hand over Lennie’s mouth. Other clues to what the story will be like is Aunt Clara’s house and herself, George and Lennie could be running away from the law for some reason and going to live with Aunt Clara to lay low for a bit. Another main clue to the story is the music witch is very much like the music in western films with cowboys and Indians this and the contrasting clothes that the pursuers are wearing makes us think this is going to be a western film. From all this we cam also say that the theme of this video will be that of a western with two men on the run from the law. There is very little tension in this film and everything is taken very lightly and almost like a game. This is because the music is very happy with a jumpy rhythm and also a more cowboy style tune, the pursuers have no guns drawn and they seem to be in hurry to catch them and seem to give up very easily. George and Lennie also don’t seem to be in a great hurry to get away and there is no sense of fear in their face when we see the close-up shots, because of this it seems almost like they are playing a game in the fields with a couple of friends, like little kids do. The Genre of this video seems to be a real life western drama. I have come to this conclusion because of everything that has happened could happen in real life and because the pursuers seem to be wearing western type clothes and because of the very strong western music. This time both Lennie and George do no seem that bright both from their appearance and from the way they acted and behaved. Both of them look very scruffy instead of just Lennie and they both have this very deep western accent that is associated with intellectually challenged people. George even though his appearance and his voice is the definite leader out of the two, we are shown this when he tells Lennie what to do and when he cups his hand over Lennie’s mouth to keep him quiet. Another sign that George is the leader is that when they are in Aunt Clara’s house Lennie repeats every word they say. In resent years we have seen the decline of book reading because there has been a vast increase in the standard of T.V quality. The person being entertained does not have to think any more, to picture the scene in his head and so doesn’t have to concentrate so hard. This is why many people just watch T.V these days instead of reading a book. They find it more relaxing, they are almost sleeping there mind and body are asleep this is also why you get addicted to the T.V because your body finds another way to replenish it energy without sleeping. T.V lowers your imagination though, and your concentration span because your brain doesn’t think while watching T.V but while it is reading a book it is constantly thinking and imagining possibilities of what the scene will look like and the characters. I honestly prefer after a had days work to sit in front of the television and just relax a bit. But if I am just bored and I want some entertainment I will open my book and read for couple of hours. My preferred sequence is that of the books because it gives you an exact idea of the scenery and the people while also giving you room to imagine for yourself what they look like. I also enjoyed a lot the 1995 version because it brings a lot of tension and anxiety into the film witch is the opposite to what you feel in the book. This tension and anxiety raises your adrenaline and gives you a enjoyable and on the edge of you seat experience.

Methodology Components Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Methodology Components - Essay Example As a research procedure, the school is organized by use of learning methods that have resulted in improved performance in the school (Fullan, 2000). Action research approach should be adopted during the study. The researcher can use both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods to achieve the objectives. Experimental method is appropriate where the researcher can easily interact with the respondents. Two possible methods to be used in data collection are observation and interview (Tompkins, 1998). The researcher should carry out cross data validity to ensure that the information to be gathered is correct. Information can also be collected by data triangulation. Random grouping of the students and treating them equally in the English lesson should be done. The students should come from the same school faculty, experienced same socio-economic environment, same educational backgrounds and educational opportunities, accessed same teaching materials and should have equally attended same curriculum classes. The differences are the groups formed and the teaching model used. Teachers who are supposed to use cooperative learning techniques are taken through training so that they can impart right information to students who will go through the experiment. Teachers who will not use the cooperative learning methods are not supposed to attend this training. Data collection and procedures should be done in three phases and should not last more than two months. At the initial stages, the researcher conducts the pre-test to ascertain students’ attitudes and their educational experiences. Students’ attitude and their achievements in the subject in the past can be collected in form of questionnaires. After pre-test, treatment step for more five weeks follows. The teachers who went through the training on cooperative learning should

Nursing Health Assessment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing Health Assessment - Case Study Example Basically, the diagnosis and potential nursing intervention in this patient would be achieved through the nursing process that involves a systematic process of deduction based on knowledge. The information and findings in this patient thus would need to be collected, analysed, and validated through this process to reach a nursing diagnosis that sets the basement of the management of the patient (Jarvis, 1999, 23-75). The objective of such assessment process is to collect information regarding the client's health status in order to identify deviations from normal in order to pinpoint actual problem and the risk it poses to the patient's future health (Bickley & Szilagyi, 2003, 31-46). History: The health history is the subjective database for the assessment. Health history also serves to set up the nurse-patient relationship. I started taking the history from the patient. Since the patient is a relative, I needed no introduction. The purpose had to kept in mind while doing this, since this process not only provides information regarding actual and potential health problems, but it is also a tool to recognize the patient's supports and strengths, a medium to identify the needs and necessity for collaborative care (Fuller & Schaller-Ayers, 2000, 53-81). Elements in History: The patient's identification demograp... As much as information in relation to the patient's life style and activities of daily living were attempted to be extracted. The target was to explore in depth the health profile of the person in question (Jarvis, 1999, 79-102). It began from the past history of this patient, starting right from the childhood. This patient had no major childhood illness as far as he remembers. He had no surgeries. Of late, he is having trouble with similar problems of exacerbated cough, fever, respiratory distress, and for this reason he had been hospitalized for several times. He has no other medical problems known to him or does not recollect any other diagnosis for his ailments that had been told by his primary care physician. He has no known allergies to medications, and he has a list of medications that as far as he remembers are azithromycin and aerosol salbutamol inhalers for regular use. He has not been traveling recently, and he was never in the military service. His family history is not s uggestive of any congenital diseases or diseases of familial origin. In the section of social history, he admits that he is smoker for quite a few years. His few attempts as quitting smoking have failed, and he has no plans to quit in the near future. His drinking habit is also from his teens, and he rates himself as a moderate drinker. He thinks there are no adverse effects from his drinking habit, and he finds no reason to think about abstaining from it. The patient has a supportive family, and he finds strength in the family. At present he seeks care due to his exacerbation of symptoms of chronic cough with difficulty breathing. Of late, he is observing that the frequency of such events is increasing. This history

Literature 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literature 4 - Essay Example ading as well as for their recreation on the one hand, and for the character building and moral uplift of the innocent minds on the other, the writers take it as their moral obligation and professional duty to create such theme which portrays dutiful, honest and chaste as the follower of good, while liars, dishonest and trouble-creating characters as the representatives of evil. The writers also cite the fate of the transgressors and disobedient to the ways of the Creator, by which they look after keeping the children far away from the wrong-doing and evil. The same can be witnessed by going through the novel under analysis. Renowned fantasy writer Nancy Veglahn in her work has posed the question ‘who knows what evil lurks in the hearts of men? Women know – and likewise men know what evil lurks in the hearts of women’ (2003, p.114). By her proposition, she simply views that both male and female are can assess and comprehend with the negative and evil thoughts growing in the hearts of the members of their opposite gender; it is therefore, they portray each other as monsters and evils in their works because of the very reality that they are actually fearful of the hidden emotions prevailing in the breast of each other. Hence, the writers of both the sexes are psychologically aware of the flaws and faults of the individuals belonging to opposite gender; consequently, they project, promote and highlight these negative traits and characteristics in such an astounding way that it creates the same image in the innocent minds of children while their reading the fantasy, so that they could im agine the evils in the same lines on which they have studied them. Here arises the question whether there exists or not any need for the specification of gender identity in the literature meant for children. The theorists are of the opinion that since children have to take various responsibilities on the foundation of their gender in future, so there must be established the

Freud and Levi-Strauss' explanations of the roles and positions of Essay

Freud and Levi-Strauss' explanations of the roles and positions of women in kinship structures - Essay Example You must discuss TWO or THREE texts and make clear what parts of Freud and Levi-Strauss' theories you are using. Introduction Oedipus the King and The Hours have different stories that unlock the mysteries of traditional flaws. The two stories are considered as the best novels of Sophocles for Oedipus the King and Michael Cunningham for the Hours. The two stories will be tackled in this paper as their contextual framework base on the roles of women will be explored. With such purpose, the present paper will be significant in terms of using the psychological and socio-cultural basis of the two famous contemporaries (Freud for the latter and Levi-Strauss for the former) whose disciplines and theoretical concepts will be used to reflect for the ageless literature of Sophocles and modern literature in the advancement of the 21st century of Michael Cunningham. Jocasta’s role in Oedipus the King Jocasta has been troubled with fate that brought her family and the whole land into nuis ance. Jocasta became the wife of his own son, Oedipus. Jocasta could not bear the truth and felt shame based on what happened to her situation. She killed herself after knowing the truth (Johnston 2007, 63). She felt being humiliated by faith. Women’s Roles and Relationships in â€Å"The Hours† The movie has three main characters whose lives are interestingly similar with their life experiences and struggles in life. The three women only differed in the set of time and separated with the span of decade (McCarthy 2002, 39). Woolf, who is primarily emphasized in the novel, wrote the Mrs. Dalloway novel in London in the early 20th century. Therefore, the story of the Hours contributes in covering Woolf’s â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway† novel (Spohrer 2005, 113). This would mean that Cunningham (2008) has reviewed and evolved the novel of Woolf by generating two characters (Laura Brown and Clarissa Vaughn that overwhelms the personality of Mrs. Dalloway and the author i tself. The role of Virginia Woolf in the story illustrates her psychological illness of depression which results to her suicidal tendency situation (Holden 2002). She was a writer who inspired the other two protagonists (Brown and Vaughn) in the Hours story with the life of Clarissa Dalloway. The protagonist in the novel of Woolf has been found to fell in love with a woman who may have experienced identity confusion. The confusion of Clarissa Dalloway resulted to her inability to express herself and freedom which may have influence her to cut off her life. Mrs. Dalloway is a representation of Woolf to herself as she was confused and worried not to live a healthy, normal life. She has been anxious by thinking how his husband’s life could be ruined with her illness. Hence, she was afraid that her role as a wife whose succumbing for the pain of mental illness will also make his husband suffer, which made her to illogically tabulate herself to death like Mrs. Dalloway. Laura Brow n, the other main character of Cunningham’

The Roles of 3 Key Participants in the Property Development Process In Research Paper

The Roles of 3 Key Participants in the Property Development Process In Australia - Research Paper Example Architects, property developers, and town planners here in Australia see the true picture of international partnership developed between these three key players in property development abroad and are now trying to implement them here. Despite differences, these players are working in unison to create world-class infrastructures. "The economic and demographic opportunities arising from demand for better and competitive infrastructures have driven developers and architects to forge an alliance that has shown tremendous success in places like Amsterdam, Hong Kong, London, Melbourne, Montreal, New York, and Tokyo. As architects and property developers break boundaries together, they are also beginning to transcend an established pattern of notorious and longstanding ill will. Property development has to be market driven and certainly not product driven. The architect can creatively add great value to the developers' commercial objectives by design. By working in tandem, an architect can achieve his architectural agenda at the same time." (Property Development and Progressive Architecture - The New Alliance, www.elx.com.au, referred on 4.27.2006)1 3.0 Property Developer This paper sets out to differentiate and highlight the similarities of the role, objective, priorities, and attitude held by Developers, Architects, and Statutory Environmental/Town Planners with respect to Property Development Process. "Developers convert undeveloped, under-developed land, or existing buildings to satisfy market demands, using their entrepreneurial skills. Like all other entrepreneurs, developers expect, rightfully, to receive an appropriate rate of remuneration for their skill and risk involved in the particular development work. Sadly, a majority of property developers, who possess the genuine skill, expertise, a sound sense of social responsibility, and most of all, pride in their work, do not receive the publicity which they deserve. Peoples' real estate needs are met through the operation of various kinds of differing property markets in Australian society. These different types of markets can be categorized principally by way of location, size and usage criteria.

Culture Shock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Culture Shock - Essay Example Often, the way that we lived before, is not accepted or considered as normal, in the new place’. The cultural shock experienced by the diverse communities in the current multicultural society due to widely disparate socio-cultural values, is one of the most important factors that needs to be fully understood in the broader context. The changing values necessitate development of a new social order which would not only embrace multi cultural values but help forge a universal bond that would transcend national and religious boundaries for peaceful co-existence. Gender inequality and outlook towards casual sex are two of the most important cultural factors of the conservative cultures of the South-East Asian countries. When people from these countries travel to the West, especially America, they experience cultural shock. America is a land of opportunity and is characterized by its ever expanding diverse cultural paradigms. The democratic values are more emphatically visible here through equality between the genders and freedom of informed choices. The opportunities to exert those choices are openly practiced with societal support that an Indian immigrant, initially finds hard to accept. The language barriers, rules and regulations, food etc are other factors that make it difficult for them to overcome. It is important to understand that dapting to different environment is a gradual process that happens in phases. Before completely getting acculturized, factors like social networking and learning the language of the host country facilitates adjustment.

The Comprehensive Meaning of Yoga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Comprehensive Meaning of Yoga - Essay Example It may be compared with the Trojan War or War of Troy in Greek mythology. During war Lord Krishna was the charioteer of Arjuna, who was a great warrior and the most skilled person in archery. It was a time when he had to wage the dreadful war against his own siblings and his close relatives. Among them were his teachers, his cousin brothers, and his great grandfather.Footnote: *Ishwar: Ishwar is a broad term and that is why instead of calling Him God, we should call Him Ishwar i.e. Supreme Lord.When they encountered face to face on the battlefield, Arjuna was so dejected that he put down his weapons on the ground and surrendered himself. He started lamenting and told Lord Krishna that he could not fight against his close people. He does not want victory, nor does he want status, reputation and kingdom by killing his own people. And thus emerged Geeta; to counsel Arjuna, Lord Krishna explains the universal mystery and the mortal appearance of body and infinite existence of soul, which is non perishable. It teaches us to overcome the dejection and sorrow and be stoic even in the most troublesome period of our life. It is one of the truths of human birth explained by Geeta; that the life of human being is very special and differs from other species on the earth. Rosen Steven in his Bhagavad Geeta analysis says, â€Å"Man is meant to be thoughtful. Human life is meant for more than merely eating, sleeping, mating, and defending – the basic animalistic propensities.†